linux bash command bash脚本命令

转自：http://ss64.com/bash/

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  alias
    Create an alias

  apropos  Search Help manual pages (man -k)
apt-get
  Search for and install software packages (Debian)
aspell
   Spell Checker
awk
      Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index

b

  bash     GNU Bourne-Again SHell 
bc
       Arbitrary precision calculator language 
bg
       Send to background
break
    Exit from a loop
builtin
  Run a shell builtin
bzip2
    Compress or decompress named file(s)

c
cal
      Display a calendar
case
     Conditionally perform a command
cat
      Display the contents of a file
cd
       Change Directory
cfdisk
   Partition table manipulator for Linux
chgrp
    Change group ownership
chmod
    Change access permissions
chown
    Change file owner and group
chroot
   Run a command with a different root directory
chkconfig
 System services (runlevel)
cksum
    Print CRC checksum and byte counts

  clear    Clear terminal screen
cmp
      Compare two files
comm
     Compare two sorted files line by line
command
  Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue
 Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp
       Copy one or more files to another location
cron
     Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab
  Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit
   Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut
      Divide a file into several parts

d
date
     Display or change the date & time
dc
       Desk Calculator
dd
       Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue
 Data recovery tool
declare
  Declare variables and give them attributes
df
       Display free disk space
diff
     Display the differences between two files
diff3
    Show differences among three files
dig
      DNS lookup
dir
      Briefly list directory contents
dircolors
 Colour setup for `ls'
dirname
  Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs
     Display list of remembered directories
dmesg
    Print kernel & driver messages 
du
       Estimate file space usage

e
echo
     Display message on screen
egrep
    Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
eject
    Eject removable media
enable
   Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env
      Environment variables

  ethtool  Ethernet card settings
eval
     Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec
     Execute a command
exit
     Exit the shell
expect
   Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
expand
   Convert tabs to spaces
export
   Set an environment variable
expr
     Evaluate expressions

f
false
    Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdformat
 Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk
    Partition table manipulator for Linux
fg
       Send job to foreground 
fgrep
    Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string

  file     Determine file type
find
     Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt
      Reformat paragraph text
fold
     Wrap text to fit a specified width.
for
      Expand words
, and execute commands


  format   Format disks or tapes

  free     Display memory usage
fsck
     File system consistency check and repair

  ftp      File Transfer Protocol
function
 Define Function Macros
fuser
    Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file

g
gawk
     Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts
  Parse positional parameters
grep
     Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups
   Print group names a user is in
gzip
     Compress or decompress named file(s)

h
hash
     Remember the full pathname of a name argument
head
     Output the first part of file(s)
history
  Command History
hostname
 Print or set system name

i
id
       Print user and group id's
if
       Conditionally perform a command
ifconfig
 Configure a network interface
ifdown
   Stop a network interface 
ifup
     Start a network interface up
import
   Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
install
  Copy files and set attributes

j
join
     Join lines on a common field

k
kill
     Stop a process from running

  killall  Kill processes by name

l
less
     Display output one screen at a time
let
      Perform arithmetic on shell variables
ln
       Make links between files
local
    Create variables
locate
   Find files
logname
  Print current login name
logout
   Exit a login shell
look
     Display lines beginning with a given string
lpc
      Line printer control program
lpr
      Off line print

  lprint   Print a file

  lprintd  Abort a print job

  lprintq  List the print queue
lprm
     Remove jobs from the print queue
ls
       List information about file(s)
lsof
     List open files

m

  make     Recompile a group of programs
man
      Help manual
mkdir
    Create new folder(s)
mkfifo
   Make FIFOs (named pipes)

  mkisofs  Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
mknod
    Make block or character special files
more
     Display output one screen at a time
mount
    Mount a file system
mtools
   Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv
       Move or rename files or directories
mmv
      Mass Move and rename (files)

n

  netstat  Networking information
nice
     Set the priority of a command or job
nl
       Number lines and write files
nohup
    Run a command immune to hangups
nslookup
 Query Internet name servers interactively

o
open
     Open a file in its default application
op
       Operator access 

p
passwd
   Modify a user password
paste
    Merge lines of files

  pathchk  Check file name portability
ping
     Test a network connection
pkill
    Stop processes from running
popd
     Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr
       Prepare files for printing

  printcap Printer capability database

  printenv Print environment variables
printf
   Format and print data
ps
       Process status
pushd
    Save and then change the current directory
pwd
      Print Working Directory

q
quota
    Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck
 Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl
 Set disk quotas

r
ram
      ram disk device
rcp
      Copy files between two machines
read
     read a line from standard input
readonly
 Mark variables/functions as readonly

  reboot   Reboot the system

  renice   Alter priority of running processes 

  remsync  Synchronize remote files via email
return
   Exit a shell function
rev
      Reverse lines of a file
rm
       Remove files
rmdir
    Remove folder(s)
rsync
    Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)

s
screen
   Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
scp
      Secure copy (remote file copy)
sdiff
    Merge two files interactively
sed
      Stream Editor
select
   Accept keyboard input
seq
      Print numeric sequences
set
      Manipulate shell variables and functions

  sftp     Secure File Transfer Program
shift
    Shift positional parameters
shopt
    Shell Options
shutdown
 Shutdown or restart linux
sleep
    Delay for a specified time
slocate
  Find files
sort
     Sort text files
source
   Run commands from a file `.'
split
    Split a file into fixed-size pieces
ssh
      Secure Shell client (remote login program)

  strace   Trace system calls and signals
su
       Substitute user identity
sudo
     Execute a command as another user
sum
      Print a checksum for a file
symlink
  Make a new name for a file
sync
     Synchronize data on disk with memory

t
tail
     Output the last part of files
tar
      Tape ARchiver
tee
      Redirect output to multiple files
test
     Evaluate a conditional expression
time
     Measure Program running time
times
    User and system times
touch
    Change file timestamps
top
      List processes running on the system
traceroute
 Trace Route to Host

  trap     Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr
       Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true
     Do nothing, successfully
tsort
    Topological sort
tty
      Print filename of terminal on stdin
type
     Describe a command

u
ulimit
   Limit user resources
umask
    Users file creation mask

  umount   Unmount a device
unalias
  Remove an alias
uname
    Print system information
unexpand
 Convert spaces to tabs
uniq
     Uniquify files
units
    Convert units from one scale to another
unset
    Remove variable or function names
unshar
   Unpack shell archive scripts
until
    Execute commands (until error)
useradd
  Create new user account
usermod
  Modify user account
users
    List users currently logged in
uuencode
 Encode a binary file 
uudecode
 Decode a file created by uuencode

v

  v        Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')

  vdir     Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vi
       Text Editor
vmstat
   Report virtual memory statistics

w
watch
    Execute/display a program periodically
wc
       Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis
  Report all known instances of a command    
which
    Locate a program file in the user's path. 
while
    Execute commands
who
      Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami
   Print the current user id and name (`id -un')

  Wget     Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
write
    Send a message to another user 

x
xargs
    Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes
      Print a string until interrupted
.
        Run a command script in the current shell
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